Gamal Mubarak, emerges as a leading force

The NDP Policy Secretariat, headed by Gamal Mubarak, emerges as a leading force at the end of the party's second annual congress.

10 October: Tarek El-Bishri, former judge and leading historian, publishes "A call for civil disobedience", a widely read article which The Egyptian Movement for Change (Kifaya) later adopts.

2 November : Abdel-Halim Qandil, editor-in-chief of the Nasserist Party mouthpiece Al-Arabi, is beaten then left naked on the Suez Desert Road.

12 December : Kifaya organises the first ever anti-Mubarak demonstration in central Cairo. 300-400 protestors hold yellow stickers over their mouths emblazoned with the word "Enough".

2005: KIFAYA

January : President Mubarak accuses unspecified foreign powers of allocating $70 million to fund campaigns demanding constitutional amendments.